Silver Investments, like other precious metals, silver is an investment. For more than four thousand years, silver has been a form of money and store of value. Like most commodities, the price of silver is by speculation and supply and demand. Compared to gold, the silver price is notoriously volatile. This is because of lower market liquidity, and demand fluctuations between industrial and store of value uses. At times, this can cause wide-ranging valuations in the market, creating volatility. Silver often tracks the gold price due to store of value demands, although the ratio can vary. The average gold/silver ratio during the 20th century was 1:47. A traditional way of investing in silver is by buying actual bullion bars. In some countries, like Switzerland and Liechtenstein, bullion bars is over the counter at major banks. Physical silver, such as bars or coins, may be stored in a home safe, a safe deposit box at a bank, or placed in allocated or unallocated storage with a bank or dealer. Various sizes of silver bars: 1000 oz troy bars – These bars weigh about 68 pounds avoirdupois (31 kg) and vary about 10% as to weight, as bars range from 900 ozt to about 1,100 ozt (28 to 34 kg). These are COMEX and LBMA good delivery bars. Hundred ozt bars – These bars weigh 6.8 pounds (3.11 kg) and are among the most popular with retail investors. Popular brands are Engelhard and Johnson Matthey. Those brands cost a bit more, usually about 40 cents to 2.00 dollars per troy ounce above the spot price, but that price may vary with market conditions. Odd weight retail bars – These bars cost less and generally have a wider spread, due to the extra work it takes to calculate their value and the extra risk due to the lack of a good brand name. Buying silver coins is another popular method of physically holding silver. One example is the 99.99% pure Canadian Silver Maple Leaf. Coins may be as either fine silver or junk silver, the latter being older coins with a smaller percentage of silver. U.S. coins 1964 and older (half dollars, dimes, and quarters) are 25 grams per dollar of face value and 90% silver (22½ g silver per dollar). All 1965-1970 and one half of the 1975-1976 Bicentennial San Francisco proof and mint set Kennedy half dollars are "clad" in a silver alloy and contain just under one half of the silver in the pre-1965 issues. Junk-silver coins are also available as sterling silver coins, which were until 1919 in the United Kingdom, Canada, and 1945 in Australia. These coins are 92.5% silver and are in the form of Crowns, Half-crowns, Florins, Shillings, Sixpences, and three pence. The tiny three pence weighs 1.41 grams, and the Crowns are 28.27 grams Canada produced silver coins with 80% silver content from 1920 to 1967. Other hard money enthusiasts use .999 fine silver rounds as a store of value. A cross between bars and coins, silver rounds are produced by a huge array of mints, generally contain a troy ounce of silver in the shape of a coin, but have no status as legal tender. Rounds can be with a custom design stamped on the faces or in assorted batches.

Older Adult Addiction Treatments

The aging of baby boomers results in a higher number of elderly people and aging adults. Older adults with a history of lifetime drug use, plus different cultural norms and general attitudes about drug use, and increases in the availability of psychotherapeutic medications, may cause a higher number of older adults with substance use problems. Although no drug treatment programs exclusively target older adults, research to date indicates that current addiction treatment programs can be as effective for older adults as for younger adults. However, substance abuse problems in older adults often go unrecognized and therefore untreated.

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Melanoma

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, which present in skin but also in the bowel and the eyes. It is one of the more rare types of skin cancer, but causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Malignant melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer. Uncontrolled growth of pigment cells, called melanocytes cause cancer. Despite many years of intensive laboratory and clinical research, the sole effective cure for melanoma is surgical resection of the primary tumor before it achieves a Breslow thickness greater than 1mm. Each year doctors diagnose around 160,000 new cases of melanoma and it presents more frequently in males and Caucasians. It is more common in Caucasian populations living in sunny climates than other groups. According to a WHO report, about 48,000 melanoma-related deaths occur worldwide per annum.